Why Do Dogs Sneeze? Causes, Symptoms, and When to See a Vet

Dogs, just like humans, sneeze for various reasons. While occasional sneezing is typically harmless, excessive sneezing or sneezing paired with other symptoms can be a sign of an underlying health issue. In this article, we'll explore the common causes behind dog sneezing, when pet parents should be concerned, and how to help reduce their dog’s sneezing.

 

What Are the Common Reasons Behind Dog Sneezing?

1. Allergies
One of the most common causes of sneezing in dogs is allergies. Much like people, dogs can be allergic to environmental allergens like pollen, dust mites, mold, and certain foods. When a dog inhales these irritants, their body responds by trying to clear them from their nasal passages, often resulting in sneezing.

2. Foreign Objects
Dogs love to explore their surroundings with their noses, and occasionally they might inhale something they shouldn’t—like dirt, grass, or small foreign objects. Sneezing is the body's way of trying to dislodge these particles from the nasal passages or sinuses.

3. Nasal Mites
Nasal mites are tiny parasites that can infect a dog’s nasal passages. These microscopic creatures can cause sneezing, nasal discharge, and irritation. Nasal mites are relatively uncommon but can be serious if left untreated.

4. Excitement Sneezing
Some dogs sneeze when they're excited, happy, or playing. This type of sneezing is often referred to as play sneezing and is completely normal. It typically occurs during social interactions with their owners or other dogs and doesn't usually indicate any discomfort or illness.

5. Respiratory Infections
Sneezing is also a common symptom of respiratory infections, such as kennel cough (Bordetella), canine influenza, or even the common cold. These infections can cause other symptoms, including coughing, nasal discharge, and lethargy.

6. Sinus Issues or Infections
Just like in humans, a sinus infection can cause sneezing in dogs. If the infection affects the nasal passages or sinuses, sneezing will likely occur as the body attempts to clear out mucus or bacteria.

 

When To Worry About Your Dog’s Excessive Sneezing

Most sneezing episodes are not a cause for concern, but excessive or persistent sneezing (lasting more than a day or two) can indicate an underlying health issue. Pet parents should monitor their dog’s sneezing frequency and look for other symptoms that may suggest something more serious.

Key Signs to Watch for:

• Prolonged or frequent sneezing (lasting for several days)
• Discharge from the nose (green, yellow, or blood-tinged)
• Coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing
• Loss of appetite or lethargy
• Nasal bleeding or unusual odors
• Signs of pain (e.g., pawing at the nose, sensitivity to touch)

 

What Will a Vet Check for During an Exam?

If your dog’s sneezing is persistent or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, a visit to the vet is recommended. During the exam, your vet will typically:

• Perform a physical exam, focusing on the dog’s nose, throat, and lungs.
• Check for signs of infection (bacterial, viral, or fungal).
• Examine the nasal passages for foreign objects or blockages.
• Look for signs of allergies or skin irritations.
• Take nasal swabs to test for bacteria, fungal infections, or nasal mites.
• Perform blood tests or X-rays if a respiratory infection, parasite, or more severe condition is suspected.

 

Symptoms of Sneezing Considered an Emergency

While sneezing on its own is rarely an emergency, certain symptoms accompanying sneezing may indicate a more urgent problem.

Emergent symptoms include:

• Severe difficulty breathing (labored breathing, wheezing, or gasping)
• Bloody nasal discharge or excessive bleeding from the nose
• Collapse or fainting
• Swelling of the face or muzzle
• Severe lethargy or a sudden change in behavior

If your dog displays any of these symptoms, seek veterinary attention immediately.

 

Sources of Sneezing That Indicate Different Health Conditions

The type of sneeze, its duration, and other accompanying symptoms can often help pinpoint the cause. Here are a few examples:

• Sudden, forceful sneezing with pawing at the nose could suggest a foreign object lodged in the nasal passages.
• Repetitive sneezing with clear discharge might indicate allergies.
• Sneezing paired with coughing, nasal discharge, and lethargy could signal a respiratory infection.
• Sneezing after excitement or play is usually normal and indicates that your dog is simply having fun.

 

Distinguishing Between Playful Sneezing and Sneezing Due to Discomfort

Playful sneezing typically occurs during social interactions, games, or while your dog is excited. It's often accompanied by wagging tails, jumping, and a happy demeanor. There are no signs of distress or discomfort.

On the other hand, sneezing caused by discomfort, pain, or irritation may be more frequent, forceful, or paired with other symptoms like nasal discharge, lethargy, or coughing. If your dog seems uncomfortable or is sneezing while remaining still, it’s best to consult with a vet.

 

Why Do Some Dogs Sneeze When They’re Being Tickled?

Dogs often sneeze when they’re being tickled or playfully engaged, especially around their face or nose. This type of play sneezing is a natural response to the physical sensation, similar to how humans might sneeze when exposed to irritants or sudden changes in airflow. It's usually a sign of excitement and enjoyment, rather than discomfort. Along with sneezing, dogs may display other playful behaviors, such as wiggling, licking, or even nipping. If your dog is enjoying the tickling, they’ll typically show signs of happiness, like a wagging tail or a relaxed, playful demeanor.

 

Common Household Allergens or Irritants That Trigger Sneezing in Dogs

Many common household items can trigger sneezing in dogs. These include:

• Pollen (seasonal allergies)
• Dust mites
• Mold
• Cleaning products (harsh chemicals, sprays)
• Perfumes or air fresheners
• Cigarette smoke
• Strong-scented candles
• Pet dander (from other animals)

 

Reducing Your Dog’s Sneezing

There are several proactive measures pet parents can take to reduce their dog’s sneezing, especially if it’s due to allergies or irritants:

• Use Air Purifiers: Air purifiers can help filter out allergens and airborne irritants like dust, pollen, and mold spores, creating a cleaner environment for your dog, especially in areas where they spend a lot of time (like the living room or bedroom).
• Eliminate Known Allergens: If your dog is prone to allergies, try to identify the triggers. You can limit their exposure to pollen by keeping windows closed during peak allergy season or using a pet-friendly shampoo to remove allergens from their fur.
• Keep Their Environment Clean: Regularly clean your dog’s bedding, toys, and living spaces to reduce dust and allergens. Frequent vacuuming and wiping down surfaces can also help.
• Consider Veterinary Treatment: If allergies are suspected, your vet may recommend allergy testing or prescribe medications such as antihistamines, corticosteroids, or immunotherapy to reduce sneezing and discomfort.
• Bathe and Groom your Dog Regularly: Removing allergens from their fur and skin.
• Switch to Hypoallergenic Cleaning Products: Reduce the chemical burden in your home.

 

Occasional sneezing is usually harmless and part of your dog’s normal behavior. However, if your dog is sneezing frequently or showing other signs of discomfort, it’s important to monitor their symptoms closely and consult your veterinarian. With the right care, most causes of sneezing in dogs can be managed, ensuring your pup remains happy and healthy.